Taking Control of Your Life: Finances
Tuesday, March 31st, 2009There is little as frightening as feeling financially strapped and not knowing what to do about it. Unfortunately, most people do experience financial insecurity at some point in their lives. Use that time period as a learning experience in how to better manage your money, and once you do gain control of your finances, you’ll feel a great sense of accomplishment and power.
Develop a Budget
Several months prior to starting a budget, start tracking your expenses. Yes, every penny. Use a spreadsheet, and separate your expenses into different categories. Category examples include: groceries, gas, utilities, mortgage, other loan payments (such as vehicle), insurance, entertainment, and dining out. By the end of those two or three months, you should have a good idea where you’re spending too much of your income, and where you need to cut back. Many of your budget expenses will be fixed items. You can’t change the amount of your mortgage, insurance, and car payments as easily as you can cut back on how much you’re spending on movie rentals and restaurants.
Take the amount of your budget you do allocate to discretionary spending out in cash, and divvy it among your family members. Let them know this is all the money they can spend on play items for the week or month. If necessary, take away debit and credit cards until you get the budget under control.
Pay Off Debt
Paying off debt is one of the best things you can do to take control of your finances, and it’s often the goal when setting a budget.
Start by making a list of all your debts, how much you owe on each, and the annual percentage rate. Find a program, such as Microsoft Office, that will run an amortization schedule for you. To run an amortization schedule, you simply plug in the numbers above, along with the term of the loan and the payment start date. If the loan is a credit card, try using different pay-back options. Start with a short-term pay-back, such as 1-3 years, and increase from there if absolutely necessary. The amortization will tell you how much you need to pay each month in order to pay off your loan within a certain time-frame. Budget those amounts each month, and watch your debt disappear.
Tip: Pay off your bad debt first. Credit cards are bad debt. A mortgage is a good debt.
Tip: Pay off credit cards with the highest interest rate first.
Qualification vs. Affordability
Once you pay off your debt, try to stay out of debt. If you do take on a new loan, however, remember that the amount you qualify for doesn’t represent the amount you can comfortably afford. Credit card companies, banks, and other loan officers, don’t usually take into account what you pay out each month for utilities, gas, food, entertainment, and the like. Do the math yourself, and if you can’t afford it, don’t try to afford it.
Start an Emergency Fund
It’s hard, if not impossible, to save while you’re in debt. After you’ve paid-off your bad debt, start an emergency fund with the money you were putting toward those loans. If you can, have your employer directly deposit your pay check in your bank, and authorize your bank to take a certain amount or percentage of your pay check and put it in a savings account. Don’t withdraw from this savings account unless it’s an emergency! Once you’ve accumulated enough in your emergency fund—it’s recommended you have 6-8 months of living expenses—you can use the excess money for something special, or invest it in other ways.
Insurance Plans
Having adequate insurance can often keep you out of debt. Many people facing bankruptcy are doing so because of exceptional medical expenses they incurred because they didn’t have health insurance. Look into different plans and try to find one that will fit your budget. Also, consider acquiring life insurance and disability insurance if you work in a profession, such as construction, where you need to be able-bodied and physically fit.
Saving for Retirement
If your employer doesn’t have a retirement plan, a good way to start one is to open a Roth IRA account with any tax refund you’re getting. Visit IRS.gov for more information on the tax benefits of doing so.
If your employer does offer a 401 K or other retirement plan, try to contribute the max allowable. It’s tax-free, and a great way to stash money for the future because it comes directly out of your pay check.
In lieu of the recent stock market and greater economic woes, a good rule of thumb to remember is: diversify! Don’t put all of your retirement money in one place, and if you’re set to retire within 5-7 years, make sure your investments are out of common stocks and in a safer fund.
Tip: If you’re faced with saving for retirement vs. saving for a child’s college education, save for retirement. There are many scholarship and loan programs available for college.
